All Souls College
No students, the hardest exam in the world, and Hawksmoor's twin towers
牛津每平方英里的保护建筑数量在英格兰几乎首屈一指。八百年来持续不断的建筑活动留下了一幅独特的城市画卷——中世纪、都铎、巴洛克、维多利亚和大胆的现代建筑比邻而立,有时甚至在同一所学院的围墙之内。不需要导游手册就能欣赏牛津的建筑,但知道该看什么,就能将一次市中心的漫步变成一堂微缩版的英国建筑史课。
中世纪(1200年代-1400年代):从默顿学院(Merton College)开始——它的Mob Quad(建成于1378年)是世界上最古老的住宅四合院。新学院(New College)的回廊和礼拜堂为此后三个世纪的牛津学院树立了模板。神学院(Divinity School),现在是博德利图书馆的一部分,拥有剑桥国王学院以外最精美的扇形拱顶。
都铎和詹姆斯一世时期(1500年代-1600年代):博德利图书馆的"五柱式"塔楼以教科书般的方式层叠了托斯卡纳、多立克、爱奥尼亚、科林斯和混合式柱子。谢尔登剧院(Sheldonian Theatre,1669年)是克里斯托弗·雷恩(Christopher Wren)的第一件重要作品,在他还是天文学教授时建造。彩绘天花板跨度21米,没有一根支撑柱。
巴洛克和乔治时期(1700年代-1800年代):拉德克利夫图书馆(Radcliffe Camera,1749年)是牛津被拍摄最多的建筑:由詹姆斯·吉布斯(James Gibbs)设计的圆形阅览室,坐落在拉德克利夫广场的中心。尼古拉斯·霍克斯穆尔(Nicholas Hawksmoor)设计了万灵学院(All Souls)的双塔和宽街上的克拉伦登大楼(Clarendon Building)。
维多利亚时期和现代(1860年代至今):基布尔学院(Keble College)是威廉·巴特菲尔德(William Butterfield)用红、蓝、奶油色砖块打造的多色杰作,建成时被牛津学界鄙视,如今列为一级保护建筑。自然历史博物馆(1860年)是铁艺和玻璃的大教堂。在圣凯瑟琳学院(St Catherine's College),阿恩·雅各布森(Arne Jacobsen)在1960年代设计了从建筑到餐具的一切——斯堪的纳维亚现代主义风格,使它成为牛津唯一一所由单一建筑师完整设计的学院。
学院环线步行路线涵盖了大部分这些建筑。从宽街开始(谢尔登剧院、克拉伦登大楼),穿过拉德克利夫广场(拉德克利夫图书馆、博德利图书馆、万灵学院),往南到默顿和Corpus Christi学院,然后经基布尔和大学公园返回。
No students, the hardest exam in the world, and Hawksmoor's twin towers
The world's first university museum — free, with major collections of art and archaeology.
One of Oxford's oldest colleges — plain outside, historically significant inside
One of the oldest libraries in Europe — the Divinity School, Duke Humfrey's Library, and the Radcliffe Camera.
Right behind the Radcliffe Camera — an intimate college with a painted chapel ceiling
Oxford's grandest college — part cathedral, part palace, all spectacle
One of Oxford's smallest colleges, with a famous pelican sundial
Tolkien's college, a miniature Sainte-Chapelle, and a hidden view over Radcliffe Square
A former Jericho bar in a deconsecrated Greek Revival church — currently closed, with the building under new ownership.
A modern graduate college wrapped around a Georgian observatory tower
Oxford's mature-student college with notable Pre-Raphaelite stained glass
Home of the Bridge of Sighs — Oxford’s most photographed architectural moment
The Welsh college on Turl Street — quieter than its neighbours, full of character
Victorian polychrome brick — Oxford's most divisive building and a masterpiece painting
Oxford's part-time and continuing education hub — not a tourist destination
Riverside gardens and pioneering history, away from the tourist crush
A proper Oxford local — ancient, unpretentious, and owned by St John's College.
An eco-focused graduate college — admirable but not a visitor attraction
A perfectly preserved medieval gem on Turl Street — John Wesley's college
Extensive grounds with a deer park, river walks, and a famous tower
A Nonconformist college with a Gothic Revival chapel and progressive spirit
Oxford's oldest quad, a medieval library, and Tolkien's second home
Medieval cloisters, a stretch of city wall, and a chapel with an El Greco
Oxford's social science powerhouse — architecturally divisive, intellectually formidable
Oxford's oldest royal foundation — seven centuries on a beautiful square
Dinosaurs, dodos, and Darwin's legacy — all under a Gothic Revival iron-and-glass roof.
Samuel Johnson's college — quietly handsome, just off St Aldate's
A Victorian cabinet of curiosities — shrunken heads, totem poles, and half a million objects from every culture on earth.
A tiny Baptist hall on St Giles' — small and friendly
A pioneering women's college — alumni include Thatcher, Sayers, and Indira Gandhi
A modernist campus college with a strong access ethos — not a sightseeing stop
Oxford's international affairs college — impressive seminars, not impressive buildings
Designed by Arne Jacobsen — a complete modernist campus with sculpture gardens by the Cherwell
A small graduate college on St Giles' — pleasant but not a visitor destination
The oldest academic hall in any university — 800 years in a tiny quad off Queen's Lane
Oxford's last single-sex college (until 2008), with Cherwell riverside gardens
14 acres of gardens in North Oxford — one of the largest college grounds in the university
Oxford's wealthiest college — Canterbury Quad, large gardens, and serious money
A young college on an ancient site — unassuming but well located near the castle
Oxford's oldest pub — famous for its tie collection and recently expanded into a larger space.
A proper pub hiding in plain sight on the High Street — the 15th-century beams are the real deal.
Oxford's beating heart since 1774 — over 50 independent stalls under one historic roof.
Where the Inklings met — Tolkien and Lewis's local on St Giles'.
A big riverside pub at Folly Bridge — the terrace over the Thames is the whole point.
The pub where Radiohead played their first gig — Oxford's main small live music venue.
Oxford's quintessential student pub — Young's ales on Holywell Street, opposite the Bodleian.
A proper village pub in Headington Quarry — the kind of place C.S. Lewis would have walked to, because he did.
A thatched riverside pub reached via a walk across Port Meadow.
A baroque showpiece on the High Street — Oxford's only fully classical college
A village green pub in Wolvercote — proper ale, proper food, properly relaxed.
North Parade's anchor pub — a proper local where the landlord knows every regular by name.
Inspector Morse's local, perched over a weir on the Thames at Wolvercote — come for the view, stay for the atmosphere.
A well-hidden pub, tucked down a medieval alleyway behind the Bodleian.
A tiny Broad Street pub squeezed between Blackwell's and the Bodleian — smaller than some college rooms.
Spacious gardens and a Wren chapel on Broad Street — often overlooked
Possibly Oxford's oldest college — Shelley's memorial and a long High Street facade
A well-preserved Jacobean quad, large gardens, and a progressive reputation
Isaiah Berlin's riverside graduate college — pleasant Cherwell-side setting
A lake, medieval cottages, and large gardens — one of central Oxford's hidden landscapes